Children's Behavior Research Articles

Social Skills and Reciprocal Behavior with a Virtual Player Among Children With and Without SLD/ADHD.

The study aimed to compare reciprocal behavior during interaction with a virtual-player in a computer game between children with typical development (TD) and children with specific-learning-disabilities (SLD) and/or with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to examine its correlation with social skills. A total of 120 children (43 SLD/ADHD, 77 TD) aged 9-11years participated. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires focusing on social skills and reciprocity and played a computer game in which such social situations arose. Results indicated no difference between the groups in self-reported social skills or reciprocity. However, the children's actual reciprocal behavior during gameplay revealed different results: the SLD/ADHD group exhibited higher levels of selfish (helping others for personal gain) and lower levels of altruistic reciprocity (helping others for their benefit) compared to the TD group. Furthermore, a correlation was found between self-reported social skills and reciprocity, as well as with the reciprocal-patterns observed in the gameplay.

Measures of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Use in Clinical and Research Settings.

Empirically supported measures of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are needed to serve as reference outcomes for suicide risk screening tools and to monitor severity and treatment progress in children and adolescents with STBs. The present paper systematically reviewed existing measures of STBs in youth and studies evaluating their psychometric properties and clinical utility. Measures were then evaluated on reliability, validity, and clinical utility. Sixteen articles (20 independent samples) were found with psychometric data with youth samples for eight measures. Interview-based measures were found to have the strongest psychometric support and clinical utility. Significant limitations exist for all self-report measures due to inherent characteristics of these measures that cannot be remedied through additional psychometric study. There is an urgent need for the development and validation of new self-report measures of STBs, particularly for preadolescent children, sexual and gender minority youth, and racial/ethnic minority youth.

Health, behavior, and social outcomes among offspring of parents with criminal convictions: a register-based study from Sweden.

There is currently insufficient understanding of the health and behavior of children whose parents engage in criminal behavior. We examined associations between parental criminal convictions and wide range of offspring health, behavioral, and social outcomes by age 18 in a large, national sample, aiming to get a comprehensive picture of the risks among children of offending parents. We studied 1,013,385 individuals born in Sweden between 1987 and 1995, and their parents. Using data from several longitudinal nationwide registers, we investigated parental convictions and 85 offspring outcomes until the end of 2013, grouped into birth-related conditions, psychiatric and somatic disorders, accidents and injuries, mortality, school achievement, violent victimization, and criminality. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations. The role of genetic factors in intergenerational associations was studied in children-of-siblings analyses. We also examined the co-occurrence of multiple outcomes using Poisson regression. A total of 223,319 (22.0%) individuals had one parent convicted and 31,241 (3.1%) had both parents convicted during the first 18 years of their life. The strongest associations were found between parental convictions and offspring behavioral problems, substance use disorders, poor school achievement, violent victimization, and criminality, with an approximately 2 to 2.5-fold increased risk in children with one convicted parent and 3- to 4-fold increased risk in children with two convicted parents. The risks were particularly elevated among children of incarcerated parents with a history of violent convictions. The associations appeared to be at least partly explained by genetic influences. Parental convictions were also associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple outcomes. Our findings help to calibrate the risks of a wide range of adverse outcomes associated with parental convictions and may be used to guide prevention efforts and identify key areas for future research.

Pattern Of Breast Feeding, Weaning And Nutritional Status Of Under Five Children Of Working Mothers Of Bangladesh Armed Forces

Background: Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation and function, a strong immune system, and neurological and cognitive development. The objective of the study is to assess the pattern of breast feeding, weaning and dietary behavior of under-five children of working mothers attended Child Welfare Centre (CWC), Malobika and Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at CWC, Malobika and Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months from July 2017 to December 2017. All under-five years old sick children of employed mothers of Bangladesh Armed Forces attended CWC Malobika and CMH, Dhaka were included in the study and mothers were the respondents. Total 130 children were selected purposively for the study. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences), version 25.0. The level of significance was set at 5% and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority (92.3%) of the children was nutritionally normal in terms Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Only 10(7.7%) children was malnourished; of them 6(4.6%) were severely malnourished and 4(3.1%) were moderately malnourished. In terms of Weight for Age Z score (WAZ) 3.1% were severe underweight and another 3.1% were moderate underweight. In terms of Height for Age Z score (HAZ), 5.4% were severely stunted and 6.2% were moderately stunted, while with respect to Weight for Height Z score (WHZ), 2.3% were severely wasted and 7.7% were moderately wasted. Conclusion: Nutritional status in children of working mothers of Armed Forces at Dhaka Garrison was high compared to the national figure. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 56 No (1) June 2023, pp 35-41

Fostering empathy through critical literacy in early childhood education in Colombia

ABSTRACT In Colombia, some educational settings, particularly territories with high levels of educational inequality, uphold conventional teaching strategies where emotional education and critical thinking receive little attention. This study is rooted in our intention to contribute to peace education in early childhood educational environments by fostering critical thinking and empathy, a predictor of prosocial behavior in children. The aim of this study is, first, that young children develop empathy by recognizing situations of oppression and injustice in children’s literature using critical literacy practices; and second, to contribute to young children’s development of critical thinking. Utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis, we suggest that critical literacy practices enhance empathy and critical thinking in young children through three strategies: reading selected children’s literature aloud, responding through multimodal texts, and having an open dialogue about critical issues that affect children in local communities. This article contributes to the literature about literacy, empathy development, and peace education with young children.

Adaptive, Externalizing, and Internalizing Behavior of Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Comparison of Three Parent-Report Questionnaires

ABSTRACT This study compared the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Third Edition (VABS-3) in children with and without histories of prenatal alcohol exposure. Data were collected from Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Phase 4 sites. Caregivers rated their child’s behavior using three questionnaires: BASC-3, CBCL, and VABS-3. BASC-3 Adaptive Skills, Externalizing Problems, and Internalizing Problems scores were correlated with comparable scores from the CBCL (Externalizing and Internalizing Problems) and VABS-3 (Adaptive Skills) both within and across groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the BASC-3. BASC-3 sensitivity rates were 78.1%, 80.5%, and 47.0% and specificity rates were 79.4%, 80.4%, and 81.5% for Adaptive Skills, Externalizing Problems, and Internalizing Problems, respectively. Positive predictive values were 87.1%, 88.0%, and 81.9% and negative predictive values were 67.0%, 69.8%, and 46.3% for Adaptive Skills, Externalizing Problems, and Internalizing Problems, respectively. Results replicated previous reports of behavioral and adaptive difficulties in children with prenatal alcohol exposure. These findings provide support for using the BASC-3 in this population.

Daytime Sleepiness from Preschool Children’s and Parents’ Perspectives: Is There a Difference?

This cross-sectional study investigated the level of daytime sleepiness and sleep-related behaviors in preschool children and compared their self-evaluations with the evaluations of their parents. It was conducted in Split-Dalmatian County, Croatia, among 196 preschool children aged 6–7 years seen at regular medical examinations, accompanied by their parents, using the Epworth sleepiness scale for children and parents/caregivers. Compared to their child’s reports, parents tended to underestimate their child’s sleepiness while sitting in a classroom at school (p = 0.001) and overestimate their child’s sleepiness when lying down to rest or nap in the afternoon (p < 0.001). Boys were sleepier while sitting in a classroom at school during the morning than girls (p = 0.032). As much as 48.2% of preschool children had their own cellphones/tablets. Boys used video games (p < 0.001) and cellphones/tablets more than girls did (p = 0.064). Parental estimation of children playing video games at bedtime was lower than the child’s report (p < 0.001). Children who had a TV in their bedroom reported more daytime sleepiness (p = 0.049), and those who played video games at bedtime went to sleep later during the weekend (p = 0.024). Also, children owning cellphone/tablets had longer sleep latency during the weekend compared to children not owning a cellphone (p = 0.015). This study confirmed that parents tend to underestimate children’s habits of playing video games at bedtime and children’s sleepiness during morning classes. Preschool children who use electronic devices at bedtime more frequently have prolonged sleep latency. These findings provide further evidence of the effects of electronic media devices on preschoolers’ sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Mothers' Parenting Stress and Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior of Young Children on the Autism Spectrum.

We investigated longitudinal relations between internalizing, externalizing, and total behaviors that challenge in young children on the autism spectrum and mothers' parenting stress. Participants included 93 mothers of children on the autism spectrum aged 27.89-65.84months, who completed questionnaires on maternal parenting stress, and children's internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors that challenge. Data were collected on early intervention program intake and approximately one year later. Cross-sectional findings indicated small to medium effect size associations between internalizing and externalizing behavior and parenting stress. However, cross-lagged structural equation models found that neither internalizing nor externalizing behavior predicted later parenting stress, nor the reverse. Significant stability effects were found for measures of child internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors, and parenting stress. Relations between behaviors that challenge and parenting stress over time were non-significant in our models that controlled for stability of behaviors and parenting stress over time. Implications for research and clinical practice, in understanding and targeting the persistence of behaviors that challenge and parenting stress, are discussed.

Learning From Parents: Implementation of a Parent-Mediated Positive Behavior Support Program Targeting Challenging Behavior in Children With Autism

Challenging behaviors (CBs) are frequently observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are known to have negative effects on parents’ stress and well-being, as well as on overall family quality of life. Research has shown that professional support such as the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) program has the potential to alleviate those effects. Although several studies have empirically demonstrated this positive behavior support program in managing children’s CB, its implementation by community-based educators among parents of children with ASD has yet to be examined. This study assessed the facilitators and obstacles to this program’s implementation as perceived by 19 parents using interviews and questionnaires. Participants emphasized the significance of setting clear expectations, defining roles, and providing continuous feedback during the implementation process to promote their initiative and enhance their active participation. They recognized the difficulties of implementing the program within a family setting but emphasized the valuable presence of educators in the home, which improved their understanding of family dynamics. Parents valued effective and respectful support from educators, although some encountered disagreements during coaching sessions, highlighting the need for improved educator training with practical coaching and a greater recognition of the family’s perspective.

Problematika Akhlak Peserta Didik dalam Mengikuti Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

The morals of students can be influenced by the surrounding environment. Local culture can also play an important role in shaping children's behavior and morals. Because a person's morals can be influenced by local cultural, environmental, and educational factors. It is important to understand and appreciate this diversity in an effort to improve character education throughout the region. In some areas such as the Pagar Alam area as we know the people in this area are very known for their friendliness even though the tone of speech in the Sumatra area is known for a speech style that sounds harsh if heard by others but in fact it is not. The purpose of this study is to know the moral problems of students when participating in the learning process and to know solutions in overcoming the moral problems of students in following the learning process of Islamic Religious Education. This kind of research. Qualitative research The approach used by researchers is a qualitative descriptive approach Data collection techniques used and to support the author's research data using interview guidelines, observation guidelines and documentation. There are students who do not want to be reprimanded or given directions, so the teacher will not force the child but the teacher there will still do or give punishment if the student violates the rules.

Safety protection using artificial intelligence internet of things for preschool education

AbstractWith the rapid development of social economy and information technology, safety protection in daily life has become more and more important. Although the awareness of safety has increased, the children's safety is still not paid enough attention. Children still may suffer accidental injuries, especially in developing countries. Children spend most of time at school in a day. Thus, it has become an emergent challenge to guarantee children's safety at school. In order handle this issue, this paper designs an Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) safety protection system for preschool education. The AIoT safety protection system consists of three parts: camera, Raspberry Pi, and monitoring computer. The camera captures the images of classroom scene during preschool education. The Raspberry Pi analyzes the images from camera to determine the unsafe behaviors of children, in which a YOLOv8 model is deployed. The monitoring computer receives the alarms from Raspberry Pi. The camera, Raspberry Pi, and monitoring computer are connected using wireless sensor network. The experiments show the behavior recognition model can correctly identify most of dangerous behaviors of children in classroom. The simulation result demonstrates the AIoT safety protection system can find the dangerous behaviors in time.

Practice of work of a nurse in organizing care for patients with diabetes mellitus: training programs «from innovation to quality of life» in the conditions of the Union State

Help and treatment of children and adolescents with diabetes is an important part of the health care system. A socially oriented state is obliged to provide this category of patients with the development and application of the latest methods in the field of preventive diabetology and medical demography, and is obliged to form and educate the correct behavior of children and adolescents, which must be implemented in the family, school, and educational organizations. Of great importance is the use of standards/algorithms for specialized medical care for patients with diabetes, educational programs designed not only to provide knowledge about the disease, but also to teach patients the skills of self-monitoring of the disease, the principles of independent decision-making on treatment and prevention. The article outlines the modern principles of organizing work in “Health Schools” and “Schools of Diabetes Mellitus”, educational programs used by medical workers, and the achieved results of activities in the field of preventing exacerbations of diabetes mellitus in parallel mode both in Russia and Belarus.

Household chaos and child problem behaviors: A cross-cultural examination of the mediating and moderating role of mindful parenting.

Household chaos has been shown to adversely associate with children's behavioral adjustment. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between household chaos and children's behaviors is not yet fully understood. The current study proposes mindful parenting as an important mediating and moderating factor in the relationship between household chaos and child problem behaviors. This study also examines cultural influences in this process, comparing the UK and Türkiye, considering both mothers' and children's perspectives on mindful parenting. Cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to mothers and their children aged 11-16 years in the UK (n = 90; 53.3% girl) and Türkiye (n = 154; 54.5% girl) in 2021. Mother reports of the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, as well as mother and child reports of Mindful Parenting Inventories for Parents (MPIP) and Children (MPIC), were used to assess household chaos, child problem behaviors, and mindful parenting, respectively. Multiple-group path analysis revealed that household chaos was a significant indirect predictor of child problem behaviors via mindful parenting in both countries. Furthermore, simple slopes analysis showed that mindful parenting moderated the link between household chaos and child problem behaviors in the UK. Overall, our study sheds light on the importance of micro- and macro-environmental factors and their interactions in children's adjustment.

Analisis Perkembangan Sikap Prososial Anak Usia Dini Menurut Bandura

The formation of prosocial attitudes in early childhood has a significant impact on the formation of their character and behavior in the future. The role of the model and environmental influences are important factors in this process. This research aims to explore more deeply the role of models and environmental influences in the formation of prosocial attitudes in young children, as well as to understand the challenges and obstacles faced in efforts to promote prosocial behavior in them. The research method used is qualitative research, by conducting direct observations and in-depth interviews with parents, teachers and children's caregivers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and findings. The research results show that the role of models, whether from parents, teachers, or characters in the media, has a significant impact in shaping the prosocial attitudes of young children. The environment, including at home, at school and in the community, also plays an important role in shaping children's behavior. However, there are challenges such as negative media content and lack of awareness about the importance of promoting prosocial attitudes in early childhood. Therefore, a deep understanding of these factors is key in creating an environment that supports positive moral and social development in early childhood.

Evaluation of the Effect of Parenting Style and Parental Mealtime Actions on the Eating Behavior of Children with Epilepsy.

Research on the interaction of parenting style, parents' mealtime behaviors, and children's eating behavior in the presence of chronic disease is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of parenting style and parental mealtime actions on the eating behavior of children with epilepsy. Thirty-one children with epilepsy, thirty-one healthy children (aged 4-9 years), and their parents were included. The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS), Parent Mealtime Action Scale, Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 were applied. The MAPS, HEI-2015 scores, and body mass index for age Z scores were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). In the epilepsy group, the food approach behavior score was higher, and positive correlations were noted between broadband negative parenting and food approach behavior, and the HEI-2015 score and broadband positive parenting (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that broadband negative parenting and snack modeling increased the food approach behavior in the epilepsy group. Owing to the chronic disease, the effects of parent-child interaction on the child's eating behavior in the epilepsy group differed from those of healthy children reported in the literature.

483. Peripheral Biological Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

483. Peripheral Biological Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Single-Case Group Contingency Interventions Targeting Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in School Children

Group contingencies are well established as methods for reducing disruptive classroom behaviors and increasing academic behaviors. However, their role in increasing prosocial behaviors has not yet been explored to the same extent. We conducted a systematic review of the single-case literature to synthesize the types of prosocial and antisocial behaviors targeted in school settings, the short-term and long-term behavioral contingencies used to target these behaviors, and the quality of the literature. We searched five databases for studies exploring the use of group contingencies to increase prosocial behaviors or decrease antisocial behaviors in children. Our narrative synthesis of the twenty-two included studies noted contingencies employed in these interventions consisted of either positive reinforcement or a combination of positive reinforcement and positive punishment. Of the 22 studies included for review, none met the What Works Clearinghouse Design Standards without reservations. Interobserver agreement and demonstration of effects over time were the most commonly unmet design standards. Future research should seek to encourage greater focus on both prosocial behavior and positive behavior change mechanisms. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022337025.

Association of cesarean section delivery with childhood behavior: a systematic review protocol.

This review will evaluate the association between cesarean section delivery and child behavior problems. Cesarean section (C-section) deliveries account for over 30% of deliveries in Canada and 21% of all births globally. Mode of delivery via C-section has been associated with altered maternal mental health in the postpartum period, and postpartum depression is linked to an increased risk of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children. Given the high rates of C-section deliveries worldwide, it is important to determine how mode of delivery impacts child behavior. The review will examine child behavior outcomes among preschool and school-aged children as determined by medical diagnosis or a standardized assessment tool. Multiple gestation pregnancies and pre-term delivery will be excluded. A search will be conducted using APA PsycINFO (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Scopus. This review will evaluate peer-reviewed primary observational research studies specifically looking at examining C-section delivery. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text studies to determine alignment with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be recorded using the standardized JBI data extraction tool and be presented using figures, tables, and a summary. Where feasible, we will conduct a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of suitable populations. Critical appraisal of studies will be performed for included studies. The certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. PROSPERO CRD42022371294.

Mothers' parental divorce experience in childhood and their children's mental health: Mediating role of maternal education

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of mothers have been shown to be associated with children's mental health and behavior problems. It is important to identify effective intervention points to prevent negative consequences among children. This study aimed to investigate whether mothers' education is protective against children's depressive symptoms in families with mothers who experienced parental divorce in childhood. MethodsData from a cross-sectional study of 5th and 8th grade children and their caregivers in a prefecture in Japan were used. Final analytic sample consisted of 9666 child-caregiver pairs. Mediation analyses using inverse odds weighting were performed where the exposure was maternal experience of parental divorce in childhood, outcome was child depressive symptoms, and potential mediators were maternal education beyond high school, maternal mental health, and household income. ResultsMaternal experience of parental divorce was associated with an elevated risk of child depressive symptoms (risk ratio: 1.22, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.39). Mediation analyses indicated that the combination of maternal education, maternal depression and household income mediated about half of the total effect. In the model where maternal education was the sole mediator, maternal education mediated nearly half of the total effect (risk ratio: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.20). LimitationsResults should be cautiously interpreted given observational and cross-sectional nature of the data. ConclusionsMaternal education beyond high school may be protective against negative mental health consequences among children due to mothers' experience of parental divorce. Further studies are needed regarding potential mechanisms and the roles of other potential mediators.

Home-visiting Parenting Programs to Improve Mother-Infant Interactions at Early Ages: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To systematically review studies examining the effects of home-visiting preventive parenting programs (HV-PPs) on improving the quality of mother-child interactions in early childhood. Method: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol, we identified 3,586 studies published between 2018 and 2022 by searching the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, BVS/LILACS, SciELO, and PsycNET/PsycINFO. After applying the eligibility criteria, 17 articles were selected for review. Results: Most studies were conducted in high-income countries (53%) and the remainder were conducted in upper-middle-income countries, predominantly using a randomized controlled trial design and with strong methodological quality. The 17 studies applied 13 different HV-PPs, predominantly using video feedback, based on various dosages and schedules. Most studies (77%) showed significant positive effects on mother-child interactions by improving mainly positive maternal behaviors (e.g., sensitivity and responsiveness). Positive effects occurred independent of the study design, sample characteristics, measures, and constructs assessed. However, the findings suggest that the combination of fewer than six sessions, durations shorter than three months, and a very early start did not impact mother-child interactions, as expected. Few studies have explored negative maternal behaviors, children's behaviors, and dyadic interactions such as mutuality and synchrony. Conclusions: HV-PPs positively impacted mother-child interactions in early childhood despite the large heterogeneity across program designs, outcome measures, and overlapping constructs. Based on the results, we discuss the practical and economic implications of using parenting programs as a preventive approach.